An Audit of Accessibility and Actionability of Molecular Profiling for Patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary at a Tertiary Care Centre

Background/Objectives: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) remains a significant challenge in the field of oncology. Despite advances elsewhere in the field, there have been few advances in the treatment of CUP and correspondingly no improvements in patient survival. Recent studies utilizing molecular profiling, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), and molecularly targeted treatment of CUP have shown some promising initial results, but have yet to be integrated into the standard of care in most jurisdictions. This study aimed to assess the use of molecular characterization and targeted treatment of patients with CUP treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PMCC). Methods: This study is a retrospective audit of patients with CUP treated between January 2019 and April 2024 to build understanding of the accessibility and use of these molecular tools. Results: We found that 82% of the 28 patients identified received NGS analysis, though all received the results late in their disease course and all accessed molecular profiling via either clinical trials, a charitable access programme, or a privately source outside of the hospital network. Only 13% of the patients who received molecular analysis received any modification of care as a result of this profiling, and only as third line of treatment. Conclusions: Our data highlights a lag between current understanding and current practice, and identifies a possible area for improvement of patient care by standardizing the use of molecular analysis in the early workup and targeted therapy in the treatment of CUP.