Assessment of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L ) Pollen Therapeutic Potential on Citalopram‐Induced Testicular Damage: In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity

Citalopram (CT) has indeed been demonstrated to induce sexual dysfunction, although its capacity to be harmful to the male reproductive system has not been fully explored. The current investigation analyzed the mechanism underlying the protective impact of date palm pollen (DPP) on CT‐induced Sertoli cell (TM4 cells) apoptosis and clarified the harmful effects of CT on the mouse males’ reproductive system. Using flow cytometry, the apoptotic rate in each group was determined. The impact of DPP on the expression of Bcl-2 , Nrf2 , and SOD1 molecular targets was identified. Also, male NMRI mice were orally treated simultaneously with CT and DPP for 30 days, and the testes underwent histological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that adding different doses of DPP to Sertoli cells raised the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 , SOD1 , and Bcl-2 to varying degrees ( p < 0.01). Our findings also demonstrated that DPP decreased the rate of TM4 cell death brought on by CT ( p < 0.01). In addition, many abnormalities were observed in testicular tissue in mice treated with CT. Our results showed that DPP can reduce the harmful effects of CT on testicular tissue and restore spermatogenesis. These results lend credence to the idea that CT can result in testicular injury and infertility. In contrast, treatment with DPP can lessen the negative effects of CT, most likely through the regeneration of testicular tissue and antioxidant systems.