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February 17, 2026Echo Research and Practice0 citationsOpen Access

Left ventricular and atrial strain and the risk of mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure

HZHaris ZilicHHHannes HolmLJLinda Johnson

Key Result

Lower left atrial reservoir strain was associated with increased risk of death and rehospitalization (HR 0.93 per 1% decrease), and lower global longitudinal strain was associated with higher mortality risk (HR 0.94 per 1% decrease) in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the prognostic value of left ventricular and atrial strain metrics in predicting mortality and rehospitalization risks in acute heart failure.
  • Retrospective analysis of strain measurements from the HARVEST cohort study involving 141 patients.
  • Used multivariable adjusted Cox regression to analyze associations between strain metrics and outcomes.
  • Measured global longitudinal strain and left atrial strains during follow-up.
  • 62 patients died and 62 were rehospitalized during follow-up.
  • Higher GLS and left atrial strain values were linked to lower mortality risk.
  • Decreases in left atrial reservoir and contraction strain were associated with higher rehospitalization rates.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=141)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Do global longitudinal strain and left atrial strain metrics predict all-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization in patients with acute heart failure?

P
Population
141 patients hospitalized for newly diagnosed acute or acute on chronic heart failure (57% HFrEF, 19% HFmrEF, 29% HFpEF), mean age 71, 75% male, based in Sweden.
I
Intervention
Echocardiographic measurement of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial strain metrics (reservoir [LAr], contraction [LAct], and conduit [LAcd])
O
Outcome
All-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalizationhard clinical

In patients with acute heart failure, impaired left atrial reservoir strain is a robust independent predictor of both all-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization.

Main Result

Effect estimate: HR 0.93 per 1% increase in LAr for mortality; HR 0.93 per 1% increase in LAr for rehospitalization (95% CI 95% CI 0.89–0.98 for mortality; 0.88–0.98 for rehospitalization)

p-value: p=0.009 for mortality; 0.004 for rehospitalization

Limitations

  • Strain analysis was performed retrospectively using echocardiographic images not optimized for speckle tracking with feasible measurements in only 141 of 385 patients (37%).
  • Echocardiographic image quality was often suboptimal due to acute and hemodynamically unstable conditions.
  • The study was single-center and conducted only in Sweden, limiting generalizability.
  • Did not adjust for LVEF in multivariable models due to limited sample size and collinearity concerns.
  • Inclusion of patients with atrial fibrillation, which affects LA strain measurements, may influence results.
  • Most deaths were non-cardiac, limiting specificity of findings regarding cardiac mortality.
  • Use of all-cause mortality rather than cardiac-specific mortality as primary endpoint.
  • No bi-plane LA strain imaging was performed, which may limit strain assessment comprehensiveness.
  • NT-proBNP, left atrial volume index, and detailed diastolic assessment were not included in models due to concerns about collinearity.

Abstract

Abstract Background Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial strain metrics, including reservoir (LAr), contraction (LAct), and conduit strain (LAcd), have emerged as key indicators of left ventricular (LV) function and filling pressures. However, the prognostic value of these markers for risk stratification in acute heart failure (HF) remains uncertain, particularly in identifying patients at elevated risk of rehospitalization and mortality. Results In the prospective HARVEST cohort study, LA strain and GLS measurements were obtained retrospectively in 141 patients (mean age 71 ± 13, 25% women). Strain values are reported as absolute values reflecting the magnitude of deformation regardless of sign. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression was used to test whether GLS, LAr, LAct, and LAcd were associated with all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization. Hazard ratios were calculated per 1% decrease in strain values. During a median follow-up time of 39 (IQR 14–66) months (490 patient-years) for mortality analyses and 22 (IQR 4–51) months (354 patient-years) for HF rehospitalization 62 (44%) patients died, and 62 (44%) were rehospitalized. Higher GLS, LAr, and LAcd were associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR:0.94, 95%CI:0.89–0.99, p = 0.045; HR:0.93, 95%CI:0.89–0.98, p = 0.009; and HR:0.94, 95%CI:0.88–0.99, p = 0.039, respectively), and higher LAr and LAct were associated with reduced risk of HF rehospitalization (HR:0.93, 95%CI:0.88–0.98, p = 0.004; and HR:0.85, 95%CI:0.77–0.94, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion In patients with acute HF, strain parameters predict prognosis, with poorer outcomes. Notably, decreasing LAr was associated with increased risk of both death and rehospitalization for HF, whereas decreasing GLS was only associated with higher mortality risk.

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Cite This Study

Zilic et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Patients hospitalized for acute heart failure with LV ejection fraction ranging from reduced to preserved and mean age 71 years (n=141). Measurement of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial strain parameters (reservoir LAr, contraction LAct, conduit LAcd) vs. No strain measurement was evaluated on All-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization (HR 0.93 per 1% increase in LAr for mortality; HR 0.93 per 1% increase in LAr for rehospitalization, 95% CI 95% CI 0.89–0.98 for mortality; 0.88–0.98 for rehospitalization, p=0.009 for mortality; 0.004 for rehospitalization). Lower left atrial reservoir strain was associated with increased risk of death and rehospitalization (HR 0.93 per 1% decrease), and lower global longitudinal strain was associated with higher mortality risk (HR 0.94 per 1% decrease) in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699405494e9c9e835dfd611chttps://doi.org/10.1186/s44156-026-00106-6
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