Influence of serum lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids on rosacea: Insights from prospective cohort studies

Summary Background and objectives Recent studies have suggested potential links between dermatological conditions, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular health, yet the relationship between serum lipids and rosacea remains uncertain. Patients and Methods Utilizing data from UK Biobank, we employed Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the correlation between rosacea and serum lipids, with mediation analysis further elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, two‐sample Mendelian randomization and linkage disequilibrium score regression were performed to determine the genetic association. Results In both the blood biochemistry cohort and the nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome cohort, higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and cholesterol in large LDL were inversely associated with rosacea (HR = 0.90 0.85–0.95, 0.91 0.86–0.96, and 0.90 0.85–0.95, respectively). Additionally, omega‐3 was found to potentially reduce the risk of rosacea by increasing cholesterol levels in large LDL (OR = 0.88 0.82–0.94; mediated proportion = 61.56%). Mendelian randomization analyses further supported the protective effects of total cholesterol and cholesterol in large LDL against rosacea (OR = 0.70 0.55–0.89 and 0.79 0.62–0.99, respectively). Conclusions These findings suggest that higher levels of total cholesterol and cholesterol in large LDL may decrease rosacea risk, while omega‐3 could influence rosacea pathogenesis through modulation of cholesterol in large LDL.