Abstract We introduce a hybrid high-order method for approximating the ground state of the nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii eigenvalue problem. Optimal convergence rates are proved for the ground state approximation, as well as for the associated eigenvalue and energy approximations. Unlike classical conforming methods, which inherently provide upper bounds on the ground state energy, the proposed approach gives rise to guaranteed and asymptotically exact lower-energy bounds. Importantly, and in contrast to previous works, they are obtained directly without the need of post-processing, leading to more accurate guaranteed lower energy bounds in practice.
Hauck et al. (2025) studied this question.