Investigating the Effects of N-Pentanol–camphor–gasoline Blends on Spark Ignition Engine Efficiency

In this work, pentanol and camphor blended with petrol in different proportions were used in spark ignition engines to evaluate their performance, characteristics, and emissions. Sample P0A (gasoline) showed the best specific fuel consumption at a relatively low torque (3 Nm) with a value of 19.2 kg/kWh. Sample P0B (100% pure gasoline and 5% camphor) had the best fuel consumption at a relatively high torque (6 Nm) with a value of 12.9 kg/kWh. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B had the best brake thermal efficiency at the two-constant torque, with a value of 0.34 at a torque of 3 Nm and of 0.65 at a torque of 6 Nm. Sample P15A (85% gasoline and 15% pentanol) yielded the best BMEP at a torque of 3 Nm with a value of 1.97 bar, and sample P5C (95% gasoline and 15% pentanol) yielded the best BMEP at 6 Nm with a value of 3.87 bar.