Magnesium is an important micronutrient that regulates glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, and energy metabolism. New research reveals that magnesium insufficiency is widespread in people with metabolic disorders, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and may contribute to illness development and progression. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between magnesium consumption or supplementation and diabetes-related metabolic outcomes. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were rigorously searched for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium levels, or magnesium supplementation in connection to diabetes risk and glycemic control. Incidence of type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance indicators, HbA1c, lipid profile, and blood pressure were among the outcomes of interest. The risk of acquiring type 2 diabetes is inversely correlated with dietary magnesium consumption, according to data from prospective cohort studies; dose-response analyses show that increased intake significantly reduces risk. Although effects on HbA1c were modest and varied, meta-analyses of RCTs showed that magnesium supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity and fasting blood glucose, especially in people with magnesium deficiency or poor glycemic control. Benefits also included improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol profiles, which may indicate more extensive cardio metabolic protection. Enhanced insulin receptor function, better glucose transport, decreased inflammation, and oxidative stress control are some of the suggested causes. Magnesium has been shown to have a positive function in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, despite variations in study design, dosage, and duration. Making sure you consume enough magnesium through your diet and using specific supplements could be a low-risk, safe supplemental approach to diabetes treatment. More extensive, long-term studies are necessary to determine the best dosage and clinical recommendations.
Bhargav Saganaboina1, Revathi Boyina*2, J. Madhulatha3, P. Jhanavi4, P. Sameena5 (Mon,) studied this question.