Profiling allergenic ingredients in Indian commercial moisturizers: A secondary data analysis

Abstract CONTEXT: Moisturizers are widely used for skin hydration but can provoke allergic contact dermatitis due to various allergenic compounds. The moisturizer formulations – including emollients, humectants, preservatives, fragrances, and botanical extracts – heighten the risk for allergic reactions, especially among vulnerable populations. Regional regulatory differences and varying ingredient profiles further complicate safe product selection and allergy management. AIMS: The aim is to profile the allergenic compounds present in commercial moisturizers available in the Indian market. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Secondary data analysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The list of moisturizers was compiled from leading Indian e-commerce platforms, including products disclosing full ingredient lists. Allergenic compounds identified from published scientific literature were categorized as high or low-prevalence according to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group survey data. Statistical associations between total ingredient count and allergen presence were examined. RESULTS: Of 1185 products reviewed, 926 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 96.8% contained at least one known allergen, with some products listing up to 15 allergens. In total, 134 unique allergens were identified (49 high prevalence, 91 low prevalence). Fragrances (35.8%) and perfumes (23.5%) constituted the most frequent high-prevalence allergens, alongside botanical extracts and propylene glycol. A statistically significant positive association was found between ingredient count and allergen number. Many low-prevalence allergens occurred commonly due to their widespread formulation use. CONCLUSIONS: Allergenic compounds are nearly ubiquitous in commercial Indian moisturizers, with both high- and low-prevalence allergens posing risks to consumers. These findings underscore the necessity for greater transparency, regulatory reform, and expanded allergen screening in product formulation and clinical care.