Efficiency of Vibration Control in Offshore Wind Turbines Using Active Tuned Mass Dampers within a Soil-Fluid-Structure Interaction Framework

Abstract Purpose The modeling of wind energy systems is essential for optimizing performance, enhancing reliability, and supporting the transition to sustainable and renewable energy sources under increasing global energy demands. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Active Tuned Mass Dampers (ATMDs) in mitigating vibrations of offshore wind turbines within a coupled Soil–Fluid–Structure Interaction (SFSI) framework. Methods A novel coupled SFSI model is proposed, integrating ATMDs with both speed and vibration control strategies. The formulation combines numerical and analytical approaches to capture the interaction between the soil, fluid, and structural components of offshore wind turbines. ATMDs are installed near the tip of each blade and at the top of the tower. The model is evaluated under diverse offshore conditions, including varying water depths, wind profiles, foundation stiffnesses, and structural defects, through numerical simulations. Results The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces vibration levels, particularly achieving a noticeable reduction in the edgewise vibrations of rotating wind turbine blades. The coupled SFSI framework provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior and operational stability of offshore wind turbines under realistic environmental and structural conditions. Conclusions The proposed coupled SFSI framework, combined with ATMD-based control strategies, represents an effective approach for vibration mitigation in offshore wind turbines. The results highlight the potential of the model to support improved design, control, and operational stability of offshore wind energy systems, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.