In the context of zero-defect manufacturing, achieving production quality is essential to eliminate defects and reduce waste. This work addresses the need for adaptive, in-process control strategies that can respond immediately to deviations at product level, at the same time ensuring system level efficiency, i.e. avoiding off-line rework or unnecessary line stoppages. This paper presents a cyber-physical system (CPS) designed to enable feedback and feedforward quality control loops in industrial manufacturing through fringe projection measurements. The CPS integrates optical 3D metrology with intelligent control mechanisms to dynamically adjust the machining strategy. Experiments carried out in the industrial case study demonstrate improved dimensional accuracy and reduced scrap rates in high-variability environments. The CPS architecture supports modular integration into existing manufacturing lines and facilitates scalability.
Magnanini et al. (2026) studied this question.