Ethanol Fumigation in CI engines Analysis using a Theoretical and data-driven approach

Description In our project on ethanol fumigation in CI engines, we conducted a detailed theoretical and data-driven analysis using the Kirloskar DA10 single-cylinder diesel engine as the reference platform. Project Overview Focused on low-level ethanol-air fumigation (E2.5, E5, E10 energy substitution ratios) by spraying ethanol into the intake air before diesel injection, leveraging its oxygen content, high latent heat, and renewable nature to modify combustion. Assessed key performance metrics like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), power, and torque stability, combustion traits including longer ignition delay, higher peak heat release rate (HRR), and modest pressure rise, plus emissions (CO down up to 30%, smoke/PM reduced 30-40%, NOx stable/slightly lower, but HC increased significantly at part loads). Key Findings E5 fumigation emerged as the optimal solution, delivering tangible BTE gains, substantial CO/smoke reductions, a manageable HC rise, full power preservation, and direct BS-VI compliance without after-treatment, making it ideal for cost-effective retrofits on small stationary engines. E2.5 offers safe, marginal benefits as a conservative start. E10 boosts efficiency further but needs a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) for HC control, adding complexity/cost. Highlights practical retrofit potential: simple intake fumigation hardware, no major engine changes, balancing efficiency, emissions, and Indian regulatory norms.