Non-Hermitian Spectral Topology in Black Hole Evaporation

We develop an effective non-Hermitian framework for black hole evaporation motivated by the open quantum system nature of horizon dynamics. Dissipative effects are encoded through a non-Hermitian kernel acting on coarse-grained black hole microstates, whose complex spectrum captures decay rates, entropy flow, and loss of distinguishability. Exceptional points, where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, provide a useful language to describe irreversible spectral restructuring within this effective description. Incorporating entropy quantization and exact greybody factors, we obtain modified emission spectra in which high-frequency modes are dynamically suppressed without introducing ad hoc ultraviolet cutoffs. The resulting framework reproduces semiclassical thermodynamic scaling and leads to a late-time suppression of evaporation rates. While model-dependent and effective in nature, this approach offers a controlled setting to explore dissipative corrections to black hole evaporation using tools from non-Hermitian spectral theory.