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Synapse
February 22, 2026Computing Open0 citationsOpen Access

Reading Between the Glyphs: Unmasking Gen Z's Coded Cyberbullying on Social Media with AI

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SASamer Abaddi

Key Points

  • The study aims to uncover the prevalence and impacts of coded language used in cyberbullying among Gen Z on social media.
  • Analyzed 5,000 social media posts to determine covert-hostility prevalence and patterns.
  • Conducted interviews with 45 Gen Z participants regarding their experiences with coded hostility.
  • Developed and tested an AI model (CRISP) to detect coded cyberbullying effectively.
  • Covert-hostility prevalence was found to be 2.52%, predominantly in short-form content during evenings.
  • AI model (CRISP) achieved an AUPRC of 0.79, surpassing text-only and commercial API baselines.
  • The model reduced benign-banter false positives by 41%, indicating enhanced detection accuracy.

Abstract

Adolescents increasingly speak in code online—where a peach isn’t fruit and “101” isn’t a class. We ask whether these symbol–number–emoji sequences cause measurable harm, how adults misread them, and whether AI can detect them without over-policing. We execute three phases—Map, Listen, Detect. In Phase I (Map), we analyzed 5,000 posts across platforms: covert-hostility prevalence was 2.52% (95% CI 2.12 – 2.99), higher on short-form feeds and concentrated in evenings (73%). Hostility resided in combinations—hybrids (47.6%), emojionly clusters (34.1%), and alphanumeric obfuscations (18.3%)—with mixed-script tricks overrepresented. In Phase II (Listen), interviews with 45 Gen Z participants showed exposure (91%), frequent experience (62% often/always), and salient impacts. Adults positively engaged with coded mockery in 58% of cases; 73% believed this amplified reach. In Phase III (Detect), our sequence-aware model (CRISP) achieved AUPRC 0.79 and Recall@1% FPR 0.58 (ECE 0.032), outperforming a text-only baseline (AUPRC 0.52) and a commercial API, especially on covert items (0.74 vs 0.47/0.31) while cutting benign-banter false positives by 41%. Decision-curve analysis favored CRISP across costs. We contribute a semiotic framework (symbols→sequences→scenes), a corpus, and pipeline that flags coded hostility—including do whistles for extremism or drugs—without ethically silencing in-group play. A repository is uploaded to GitHub to show a sample of posts (n = 100), an Excel codebook and an AIgenerated video (prototype).

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Cite This Study

Samer Abaddi (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699a9d65482488d673cd34a1https://doi.org/10.1142/s2972370126500029
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