Systematic Literature Review on the Persecution of Russian Ethnic Minorities in Ukraine

Discrimination against Russian ethnic minorities in Ukraine has become a disputed topic within the wider Russian-Ukrainian conflict, prompting debates over identity, geopolitics, and human rights. This systematic literature review explores the diverse aspects of this phenomenon, covering ethnic and minority concerns, historical conflicts, linguistic regulations, and the influence of media and propaganda. Our objective is to analyze prior academic research to uncover trends, inconsistencies, and areas lacking attention in the discussion, thus yielding a thorough grasp of the underlying socio-political forces. The review employs a rigorous methodology by conducting a systematic examination of peer-reviewed articles, reports, and policy documents to track the development of narratives and empirical evidence. Research indicates a divided scholarly environment, where perceptions of oppression frequently correspond with political alliances, as past conflicts and linguistic regulations add further complexity to the matter. The media’s function in molding perceptions is especially prominent, as differing narratives intensify tensions. Notwithstanding the extensive body of literature, substantial lacunae persist in comprehending the everyday realities of Russian-speaking minority groups and the enduring consequences of existing policy measures. The study finds that the persecution narrative is intricately linked to wider geopolitical conflicts, highlighting the need for additional interdisciplinary investigation to separate empirical facts from politically charged discourse. By critically engaging with existing scholarship, this review contributes to a more nuanced dialogue on minority rights and conflict resolution in the region.