Targeting the leak: endobronchial valves for treatment of pneumothorax

Evidence supporting the use of EBV in PAL is limited to case series/reports in which EBV appears effective in selected patients, often as a 'last resort.' Successful use of EBV requires expertise in patient selection, valve placement and their aftercare. EBV is expensive and has recognized risks. Its efficacy, safety and generalizability to unselected PAL patients are yet to be determined. Early phase clinical trials are underway to gather data to inform future definitive studies. As it stands, EBV remains an available option with limited evidence base, alongside autologous blood patch and chemical pleurodesis, for patients with PAL unsuitable for surgery.