Abstract Cancers of the gallbladder and bile ducts, although relatively rare, are highly lethal malignant diseases due to their aggressive biology, complex hilar and retroperito-neal anatomy, and frequently delayed diagnosis. Objective To analyze the latest developments in the integration of immunotherapy and targeted agents in the treatment of gall-bladder and bile duct cancers. Materials and Methods Review of scientific publications using documentary analysis and content analysis. Results and Discussion Gallbladder and bile duct cancer are aggressive malignant diseases with increasing incidence, especially for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Although surgery remains the primary treatment method, the integration of immunotherapy and targeted agents based on molecular profiling is transforming the therapeutic landscape and offering new hope for patients with advanced disease.
Angelov et al. (2026) studied this question.