The study provides a thematic review of the scientific and methodological literature on climate risk assessment in the BRICS countries. This includes an evaluation of the associated hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and damage, as well as the adaptation policies implemented in response to the increased risks posed by climate change. It is noted that different BRICS countries are exposed to different climate hazards. Significant differences in vulnerability levels and, consequently, in reported damage have been identified. The BRICS countries demonstrate varying levels of national adaptation plan implementation, ranging from subnational level adaptation measure implementation and monitoring of their effectiveness to the absence of such plans. In the field of international cooperation, it has been shown that the BRICS countries do not present a unified position, with key differences relating to financial and economic issues rather than substantive ones. Participation in international cooperation on climate change adaptation and the formation of a proactive, unified BRICS position are needed.
Bliznetskaya et al. (Fri,) studied this question.