Smartphone-assisted natural rubber cryogel electrodes with copper oxide–densely decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for on-site glucose sensing

Key Points

• The aim is to develop a novel, enzyme-free glucose sensor using natural rubber and carbon nanotubes.
• Fabricated a biofilm from ammonia-preserved natural rubber latex.
• Incorporated copper oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes into the electrode design.
• Conducted electrochemical analysis to evaluate glucose sensing capabilities.
• The natural rubber-based sensor showed enhanced sensitivity and robustness for glucose detection.
• Demonstrated effective on-site glucose sensing capabilities without the need for enzymes.