New Cosmology: A Structural Framework of a Primordial-Particle Universe

This work develops a structural cosmology in which the universe is modeled as a finite, closed system filled not with empty vacuum but with a dense Primordial Particle Background (PPB). The framework proposes that all physical phenomena—gravity, light, rotation, wave propagation, large-scale structure, and cosmological evolution—emerge from the geometry, density gradients, and fractal boundaries of indestructible primordial particles arranged with a constant minimal spacing. The model introduces three central mechanisms:(1) dual-axis universal rotation, which generates global linear flow and large-scale anisotropy;(2) boundary-driven gravity, arising from pressure–density gradients and flow-dependent compression within the PPB; and(3) phase-wave light, describing electromagnetic phenomena as coherent phase modulation in a discrete medium. Building on these principles, the paper outlines a cyclic cosmological evolution driven by flow reversal and structural reorganization, providing an alternative to curvature-based and field-based cosmology. This work presents the macroscopic foundation of the New Cosmology framework.