Single-beam femtosecond Z-scan studies of bismuth and manganese co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethanol

Key Points

• To investigate the nonlinear optical properties of bismuth and manganese co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
• Conducted femtosecond Z-scan experiments
• Used ultrashort pulses of 150 fs duration
• Dispersed nanoparticles in ethanol for analysis
• Observed significant nonlinear optical effects in the co-doped nanoparticles
• Demonstrated the potential for enhanced photonic applications
• Characterized the impact of doping on the optical behavior of TiO2