Fueling growth: unlocking local production of fortified complementary foods in West Africa

Introduction Malnutrition among young children remains high in West Africa, with stunting (34.5%), wasting (6.7%), and micronutrient deficiencies (62%). Fortified, locally and Commercially Produced Complementary Foods (CPCFs) can help fill nutrient gaps, yet local production faces systemic challenges. Objective To assess the opportunities and constraints facing CPCF producers in Ghana, Niger, and Nigeria, and identify strategies to strengthen local production. Methods A literature review screening over 120 mixed sources mapped evidence on demand, production capacity, supply chains, costs, and regulation. Findings informed qualitative research. Five focus group discussions and 46 in-depth interviews were conducted with CPCF producers, regulators, financial institutions, and institutional buyers. Data were coded thematically using QDA Miner Lite. Results Producers reported operating below capacity and facing aflatoxin contamination. In Ghana, underutilization was linked to irregular demand and costly packaging. Nigerien producers highlighted obsolete machinery, high input prices such as premix and reliance on savings groups. Nigerian firms had invested in modern systems but faced volatile input prices, high energy costs, and frequent inspections. Regulatory compliances were hindered by limited awareness, high compliance costs, widespread illiteracy, and informal businesses. Consumer demand was shaped by affordability and trust, with imported brands often preferred. Adaptive strategies included single-serving sachet packaging, WhatsApp marketing, NGO-supported machine rehabilitation, bulk raw material purchasing, and producers and suppliers’ contract for quality. Conclusion CPCF producers demonstrate resilience but face systemic barriers. Coordinated action through targeted Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) financing, aflatoxin control, streamlined certification process, and demand creation is essential to unlock the potential of CPCFs in West Africa.