Teamwork as an Interprofessional Competency for Collaborative Hospital Practice

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and experiences of health professionals regarding teamwork as an interprofessional competency within the context of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in a Brazilian public teaching hospital. Methods: This was a qualitative, exploratory study guided by a constructivist–interpretative perspective. The scenario consisted of Intensive Care Units of a public teaching hospital, which is a reference for emergency care, located in Brazil. Sampling was intentional and involved 29 professionals, most of whom, 25 (86.20%), were females, including nurses, nursing technicians, physicians, physiotherapists, and others. In order to collect data, individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2025, which were audio-recorded and fully transcribed. The criterion for determining the number of participants was theoretical saturation. Data analysis followed the steps of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, conducted inductively, with peer validation and the use of illustrative quotations to ensure credibility. Results: Five main categories emerged: “Understanding teamwork as an interprofessional competency,” “Factors that facilitate interprofessional teamwork,” “Factors that hinder teamwork,” “Tools used in the ICU to develop interprofessional teamwork” and “Individual actions to develop interprofessional teamwork.” The analysis revealed a central tension: although professionals discursively value interprofessional teamwork, its practical implementation is constrained by organizational and hierarchical barriers. Communication was identified as a transversal axis, functioning at times as a facilitator and at other times as a barrier. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that interprofessionality in Brazilian ICUs cannot be sustained solely through individual initiatives, but requires structured institutional strategies, such as formal collaboration protocols, interprofessional education programs, and a revision of hospital organizational culture. Furthermore, although health professionals value interprofessional teamwork, their practice still faces significant barriers. These findings may support managers’ reflection on the need to implement in-service teaching and learning strategies that facilitate interprofessional teamwork, especially those in high-technology units, thus enhancing collaborative practice in health.