Hyper-Converged Space-Air-Ground Integrated Low-Altitude Aerial Vehicular Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Technologies

In this paper, we introduce the space-air-ground integrated low-altitude aerial vehicular networks (SAG-LAAVN) that deliver ubiquitous intelligent connectivity for three-dimensional intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Built upon an innovative hyper-converged architecture that unifies Data, Operation, Information, and Communication Technologies (DOICT), SAG-LAAVN aims to address the stringent connectivity requirements imposed by the rapid evolution of low-altitude aerial vehicles, offering seamless coverage, enhanced resilience, and improved quality of experience across diverse scenarios. Three key scientific challenges in the SAG-LAAVN are discussed. Besides, we present three potential technologies: intelligent networking approach, multi-dimensional resource management, and virtual-physical dynamic collaboration. Implemented via the fully decoupled radio access network (FD-RAN), a case study is presented to demonstrate that SAG-LAAVN can provide ubiquitous, high-quality services that meet the evolving needs of the low-altitude economy.