Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Abrasion and Weathering on Bedrock River Morphology

The morphology of bedrock rivers is influenced by sediment properties, climatic conditions, rock strength, and topography. Previous models have examined erosion but often lack detail on how weathering, particularly wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles, interacts with abrasion in shaping river channels. This study develops a numerical model to simulate bedload saltation abrasion and freeze-thaw weathering. Key parameters include water discharge, alluvial cover, and erosion depth by freeze-thaw, assessing their impact on channel incision, sediment transport, and riverbank evolution. Results indicate that higher water discharge increases incision by amplifying sediment transport and abrasion. Saltation abrasion deepens channels by scouring the bedrock, while freeze-thaw weakens bedrock, increasing erosion susceptibility. These findings high-light the interplay between water discharge, sediment transport, and weathering in shaping bedrock rivers. The model provides a practical tool for predicting river evolution, benefiting geomorphology, river management, and climate adaptation.