Diagnostic performance of thromboelastography and systemic inflammatory indicators in chronic glomerulonephritis: a case–control study

To evaluate the potential of thromboelastography (TEG) combined with systemic inflammatory indicators as clinically applicable and effective auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). A total of 838 subjects were enrolled in this study, comprising 419 patients diagnosed with CGN and 419 healthy controls. TEG was employed to assess coagulation function parameters, while an automated hematology analyzer was utilized to measure standard blood physiological indices. The systemic inflammation index was subsequently calculated. Using a case–control study design, the associations between TEG parameters, systemic inflammatory indicators, and CGN were systematically analyzed. The study showed that among CGN patients, males accounted for 60.38% and females 39.62% (p = 0.133). The mean age of CGN patients was 41.60 ± 14.24 years, significantly lower than that of healthy controls (46.50 ± 12.73 years; p < 0.05). No significant differences in TEG parameters or inflammatory indicators were found across CGN subtypes. However, compared with the healthy control group, patients with CGN exhibited significantly elevated levels of systemic inflammatory indicators, including the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and white blood cell count (WBC), as well as increased coagulation function parameters, such as the clot formation rate (Angle) and maximum amplitude (MA) (p < 0.05). In contrast, the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), kinetics time (K), and Lysis exceeding 3% at 30 min (LY30) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a direct correlation have been observed between certain TEG parameters and inflammatory indicators in patients with CGN. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, Angle, MA, LY30, WBC, and SIRI as independent risk factors for CGN (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that combining age, TEG, and inflammatory indicators yielded an AUC of 0.782, with 73.9% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity. This study shows that TEG-related parameters and inflammatory indicators are significantly associated with the presence of CGN. The data and thresholds reported here can serve as a reference for future studies evaluating TEG and systemic inflammation indicators as biomarkers for CGN.