Headache and migraine are common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent pain and associated symptoms such as nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Although conventional pharmacotherapy provides symptomatic relief, long-term use is associated with adverse effects and recurrence. Herbal medicines and polyherbal formulations have gained attention due to their multitargeted actions and better safety profiles. Smilax species and Tinospora cordifolia are widely used in traditional medicine for inflammatory, neurological, and pain-related disorders. The present review compiles traditional knowledge and modern scientific evidence supporting the use of Smilax and Tinospora in headache and migraine. The rationale for their combination, possible mechanisms of action, formulation strategies, and future research prospects are discussed.
Dr. Syed Gousefiroz*1, T. Aswini2, M. Gnanada3, R. Tejaswari4, K. Uma Maheswara Reddy5, Shaik Sameer6, B. Mahalakshmi7, B. Nandini8 (Sun,) studied this question.