A Review on Green Chemistry Approaches in Analytical Method Development and Validation

The concept of green analytical chemistry has become a revolutionary paradigm in combining environmental sustainability with analytical excellence in the analysis of the pharmaceuticals. This is a review paper that evaluates principles, assessment instrumentation and practice in developing and validating analytical methods using green approaches. The twelve principles of green analytical chemistry offer systematic guidelines on the design of environmentally benign procedures and quantitative measures such as Analytical Eco-Scale, GAPI, and AGREE allow objective analysis of the greenness of a method. There have been significant developments in the miniaturised sample preparation procedures, chromatographic alterations with the use of UHPLC and other solvents, direct spectroscopic analyses, and optimisation of chemometrics, which show that 50-90% cuts in the quantity of solvents that are used to achieve analytical performance are possible. Interactions among quality goals and sustainability aim at providing synergies due to the use of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology. Although proven to be beneficial in terms of environmental and economic advantages, issues such as technical aspects, regulatory issues and internal organizational issues influence the adoption rate. The next generation of thinking focuses on the use of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, portable devices, and the concept of Industry 4.0 that moves towards really sustainable analytical laboratories. The development of green analytical chemistry should be expedited through collaborative activity of interested parties and effective changes in the regulatory environment where the environmental aspects are explicitly considered and pharmaceutical analysis is regarded as the active participant of the global sustainability agenda without compromising high-quality criteria.