Optimized Hybrid EV Charging System Interconnected with the Grid

As the oil price has skyrocketed, the attraction towards electric vehicles has gone up. This scenario has also increased the demand for charging infrastructure. This paper proposes a novel charging infrastructure for electric vehicles which is energized by a solar photovoltaic unit, integrated with a distribution static compensator. The output of the photovoltaic array is regulated by a DC–DC converter, which uses maximum power point tracking to support optimal solar energy conversion. The compensator is integrated into the grid through a zigzag-star transformer, which helps with neutral current compensation, promoting balanced and distortion-free operation. The control algorithm is designed to ensure superior power quality during grid synchronization and sustainable energy management. This novel architecture ensures bidirectional power flow, enabling the charge–discharge dynamics of the electric vehicles, which can be termed Grid-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Grid modes. Better grid flexibility and resilience are ensured by this dynamic power exchange. The control strategy based on the Linear Kalman Filter provides reactive power balance and maintains steady voltage at the point of common coupling, and it ensures enhanced power quality during power flow, resulting in efficient and reliable grid operations. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is tested and validated under Grid-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Grid, nonlinear, unbalanced, and isolated solar conditions. Analytical tuning of the gains in the controller, by using the conventional methods, is not efficient under dynamic conditions and nonlinear loads. An optimization technique is used to estimate the proportional–integral control gains, which avoids the difficulty of tuning the controllers. Simulation of the system is carried out using MATLAB 2022b/SIMULINK. Simulation results under diverse operating scenarios confirm the system’s capability to sustain superior power quality, maintain grid stability, and support a robust and reliable charging infrastructure. By enabling regulated bidirectional energy exchange and autonomous operation during grid disturbances, the charger operates as a resilient grid-support asset rather than as a passive electrical load.