Vulval squamous cell carcinoma is an under-reported cancer associated with poor outcomes: a national retrospective cohort study of the incidence and trends in England, 2013–2022

Vulval squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) accounts for ∼90% of vulval cancers in England. Diagnosis is often delayed due to nonspecific presentations, limited screening, poor awareness and reluctance to undergo intimate examinations. Other than sentinel lymph node biopsies, management advances have been scarce. This national retrospective cohort study describes epidemiological trends, diagnostic stage, referral routes, treatment and survival in England (2013–2022) among self-identifying women.