Screening of coriandrum sativum varieties by fruit productivity

The article presents a comparative study of coriander varieties (Coriandrum Sativum) in terms of productivity in the conditions of forest-steppe the Middle Volga region. Experimental work was carried out in 2021-2023 at the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops – Separate division "Penza Research Institute of Agriculture" (Penza region). The object of the study was 9 varieties of coriander included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The standard was the Yantar variety. Over the years of research, all studied coriander varieties have shown tolerance to stressful and unstable conditions of the Penza region and the ability to form a fairly high fruit yield of up to 1.55-1.79 t/ha. The highest seed yields were obtained in the Nektar and Silach varieties, which amounted to 1.79 and 1.78 t/ha and exceeded the standard by 0.18-0.17 t/ha. The highest content of fatty oil was observed in the varieties Aroma (19.25%), Eva (19.89%) and Silach (18.82%). The intensity of accumulation of essential oil in coriander fruits in the studied varieties varied from 1.23% (in the Accord variety) to 2.54% (in the Eva variety). The most interesting varieties in terms of this indicator are Eva, Mius, Yantar and Silach, the mass fraction of essential oil in which is 2.22-2.54%. In addition, coriander plants can be used as a spicy herb; the yield of green mass of the studied varieties is 0.75-1.12 kg/m². When analyzing the elements of the crop structure, differences were identified in the size of the fruits, the weight of 1000 of which varied from 7.14 to 8.92 g. The largest fruits were formed in the Silach (8.83 g) and Aroma (8.92 g) varieties, and in the Yantar variety – 7.95 g. The amount of umbel on one plant by variety ranged from 16.4 to 22.6 pieces. The maximum amount of umbel 20.3 and 22.6 pieces per plant, was formed by the varieties Silach and Nectar. The amount of fruits in one umbel varied from 47.9 (in the Accord variety) to 56.4 pieces (in the Eva variety). The maximum productivity of one plant was observed in the Nectar variety – 6.29 g. For other varieties, the weight of seeds per plant was at the level of 4.27-5.61 g.