Vitamin B12 derived cobalt‑boron biochar: An eco-friendly powerhouse for enhanced calcium sulfite activation and fast clothianidin degradation

Key Points

• Enhanced clothianidin degradation occurs upon using cobalt-boron biochar derived from vitamin B12.
• Biochar treatment resulted in a 65% increase in calcium sulfite activation, showcasing significant improvement.
• Activation mechanisms of calcium sulfite were analyzed through controlled experiments and degradation assays.
• Results highlight potential eco-friendly applications for managing pesticide degradation in environmental settings.