Green hydrogen integration in electric vehicles: Advancing sustainable transportation

Current transportation practices generate nearly one-quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which justifies adopting sustainable mobility solutions. The potential of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is limited by public anxiety about range restrictions and charging infrastructure development, together with their dependence on materials production. The analysis studies the potential of green hydrogen produced through renewable energy electrolysis as an additional energy carrier or co-storage method. The research examines various hydrogen production methods, beginning with alkaline electrolysis, PEM electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis, and extending to emerging biomass gasification and photocatalysis systems. This paper examines how electric vehicle technologies use hydrogen through FCEVs and hybrid powertrains by investigating their performance and infrastructure requirements and efficiency achievements. The assessment of green hydrogen's environmental effects depends on evaluations of greenhouse gas emissions over their lifecycle, along with water usage, resource utilization, and energy system efficiency. The paper establishes that green hydrogen together with BEV systems offers feasible solutions to reduce transportation emissions to zero while supporting heavy-duty and extensive distance travel needs.