Designing a traditional village cluster protection-utilization system via complex network analysis: Qiandongnan case study

This study develops a Cluster Protection and Utilization System (CPUS) through complex network analysis to enhance conservation strategies for traditional villages in Qiandongnan, China. Results reveal naturally shaped clustered distributions forming multi-centered radial networks with a distinct core-periphery hierarchy. The network demonstrates moderate structural integrity combined with low stability (27% node failure tolerance) and high vulnerability. Competitiveness stratification identifies five tiers, where only 9% of settlements (primarily core nodes) exhibit high/moderate competitiveness. Role-based classification pinpoints critical connectivity hubs. Development potential shows a strong correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) with network metrics, attributed to government support, transport access, and architectural value. The proposed framework integrates spatial optimization algorithms with adaptive reuse protocols, achieving 23% greater resource efficiency than conventional approaches while balancing preservation and sustainable tourism. This study innovatively applies complex network analysis to build a Cluster Protection and Utilization System (CPUS), offering a feasible approach for the collaborative development of traditional villages and cultural heritage clusters globally.