Systematic Literature Review of Geospatial Data Governance in ASEAN: Policies, Security and Compliance Challenges

ABSTRACT This paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on geospatial data governance in ASEAN with a focus on policy, security and compliance challenges. The SLR method was based on the PRISMA protocol, which involves a systematic search strategy in the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases for the period 2020–2025. A total of 25 valid articles were selected after going through a screening process. The results of the study showed four main themes, namely the existing policy of geospatial data governance in ASEAN, followed by challenges to security and sovereignty of the data, next is the weak enforcement leads to poor compliance and finally limitations in technology and organisational capacity in implementing policies. The finding highlights that despite various efforts at the national level for geospatial data sharing such as MyGeoportal in Malaysia, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) in the Philippines, One Map Policy in Indonesia and OneMap in Singapore, the absence of a regional governance framework makes the issue of data integration, compliance and security increasingly critical. This article contributes to the existing literature by addressing gaps in the ASEAN context, strengthening the theoretical understanding of geospatial data governance and offering practical insights for policymakers, communities and industry stakeholders. Accordingly, this review paper not only synthesises existing evidence but also proposes directions for the development of a future framework aimed at enhancing and reinforcing ASEAN compliance and risk management practices related to geospatial data governance.