Cadmium and lead contamination in Iranian wheat grains and soils: Nationwide assessment of spatial distribution and food safety implications

Key Points

• Contamination levels of cadmium and lead in wheat grains were critical, indicating a serious food safety concern.
• The study shows that cadmium levels exceeded safe limits in multiple regions, raising alarms for consumer health.
• Spatial distribution analysis revealed hotspots of contamination, especially in agricultural areas with intense industrial activity.
• These findings highlight the urgent need for regulatory measures to address food safety and environmental pollution.