Plasmodium infection fully activates the immune system in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment in a murine Lewis lung cancer model

Based on our past and current studies, we can draw the following conclusion: Plasmodium infection fully remodels and activates the immune system, targets and inhibits the entire tumor ecosystem through the key signals of pSTAT3 and TGFβ. This is completely different from the mechanisms of action of the current immune checkpoint blockade therapies, representing a new form of cancer immunotherapy, namely, the immune ecotherapy.