Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sheep and Goat and Their Contro

Abstract In small ruminants, particularly goats and sheep, gastrointestinal (GI) parasites have led to serious socioeconomic and public health issues on a global scale. Goats and sheep can contract gastrointestinal parasites from helminths and protozoa, with nematodes and coccidian being the most prevalent. Parasite illnesses kill hundreds of thousands of livestock severely affecting the development of agriculture & poverty alleviation in emerging countries. Improving small ruminants’ health requires knowing how these parasites work, spread, and how to diagnose them. Sustainable management strategies for controlling gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats, focusing on non-chemical approaches due to concerns about drug resistance and organic farming. Effective pasture management, lowering stocking rates, and improving animal nutrition to increase infection resistance are important tactics. Exposure to parasites can be reduced by regular livestock observation and grazing control.