Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Termite Mound Soil-Cement Composites Reinforced with Cylindrical Luffa Fibre

This study evaluates the physico-mechanical properties of cement-bonded composites utilizing termite mound soil as a primary matrix binder and cylindrical luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca) fibres as reinforcement. Composite boards were prepared with fibre contents of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0%. Physical properties assessed included water absorption, thickness swelling, and density, while mechanical properties such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture were determined using standardized methods. Results showed that water absorption and thickness swelling increased with fibre content, reflecting the hydrophilic nature of luffa fibres. Density decreased as fibre proportion rose, indicating reduced matrix compactness and binder effectiveness. Mechanical properties improved at moderate fibre levels, particularly at 7.5%, where reinforcement was most effective. However, at 10% fibre loading, strength and stiffness declined due to fibre agglomeration, poor fibre-matrix adhesion, and micro-crack formation. Regression analyses confirmed polynomial relationships between fibre content and measured properties, with moderate correlation values, demonstrating the usefulness of statistical modelling in predicting composite performance. Overall, the study highlights luffa fibres as promising reinforcement material for sustainable composites. Optimal fibre incorporation enhances mechanical performance while maintaining acceptable physical properties, whereas excessive fibre loading compromises structural integrity. These findings provide practical guidance for developing eco-friendly composites suitable for construction applications.