Triple Threat, Unified Solution: Integrating Finance for Climate, Nature and Land

Global society faces rising threats from climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation - three interconnected crises that undermine ecological integrity, economic stability, and human well-being. Although the Rio Conventions were established at the 1992 Earth Summit to ensure these challenges are not treated separately, their policy instruments, implementation mechanisms and financial frameworks tend to address climate, biodiversity and land goals in relation to the separate or distinct agendas. This fragmentation hampers progress at a time when ecosystem degradation is accelerating. This commentary examines pathways to integrate climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation agendas into a unified structure that improves resource mobilisation, investment opportunities, and financial risk management. We highlight ecosystem-based approaches as a key entry point, as they are explicitly encouraged across targets and decisions of all three Conventions. We argue that cohesive financial responses, supported by tailored instruments, can deliver simultaneous benefits and reduce systemic risk.