Synergistic solidification of radioactive sludge containing An3+ via geopolymer encapsulation–microwave sintering vitrification: Structural regulation and long-term stability mechanisms of glass–ceramic waste forms

Key Points

• The solidification process using geopolymer encapsulation achieves significant long-term stability for An3+ in radioactive sludge.
• Experiments reveal that the glass-ceramic forms exhibit strong structural integrity with improved performance over time.
• Analysis employs microwave sintering to optimize the vitrification process, controlling the structural features of the final waste forms.
• These findings imply a potential solution for safe disposal of radioactive waste through advanced material technologies.