How cognitively demanding is the urban niche? Reconsidering exaptation and habituation

Key Points

• The urban niche presents significant cognitive demands impacting ecological niche strategies.
• Cognitive demand levels vary, affecting how species adapt through exaptation and habituation.
• Observational analysis reveals the interplay between cognitive processing and environmental adaptations.
• These findings imply that urban settings may necessitate new strategies for species adaptation and survival.