Modular indirect labeling strategy enables universal and cost-efficient SERS immunochromatography for trace carbofuran detection

Key Points

• Carbofuran detection achieved through a modular indirect labeling strategy, enhancing sensitivity and efficiency.
• The method demonstrated a notable increase in detection rates, showing an improvement of up to 90% compared to traditional techniques.
• Assessment using SERS immunochromatography facilitated real-time detection, presented effectively for trace-level carbofuran.
• This approach underscores the potential for cost-effective and universal application in environmental monitoring, promoting wider adoption.