Vascular endothelial growth factor-A and drug level in serum and human breast milk of a lactating woman after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab: a case report

Systemic exposure to ranibizumab was observable following intravitreal injection in a breastfeeding patient. While serum levels of VEGF-A remained stable following ranibizumab administration, the functional alterations resulting from variations in VEGF-A in breast milk and the implications for breastfeeding infants were ambiguous. When lactating women experience specific sight-threatening conditions, additional evaluations are required to ascertain the safety profile of anti-VEGF therapy for nursing infants.