The Effect of Membrane Lipids on the Functioning of Calcium Channels of the Orai and TRPC Families (A Review)

The importance of studying the influence of cell membrane lipids on the pathways of calcium entry into the cell is determined by the central role of calcium signaling in controlling cell activity and the accumulated data on the regulatory effect of cell membrane lipids (phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol) on the functioning of ion channels. Calcium-permeable channels of the Orai and TRPC families play a significant role in the influx of calcium across the plasma membrane into the cytosol, a process primarily regulated by calcium release from intracellular stores, forming a pool of so-called store-operated calcium channels. Since the dysfunction of these channels is characteristic of many pathologies, the study of interactions between lipids and the components that provide store-operated calcium entry offers the possibility of identifying fundamental mechanisms of ion transport control and the development of innovative approaches to the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes existing data on the influence of different classes of cell membrane lipids on the functioning of calcium channels of the Orai and TRPC families and analyzes the impact of changes in the membrane lipid environment on store-operated calcium entry processes.