Unmasking human T cell receptor germline diversity: 335 novel alleles identified in 47 Pangenome reference individuals using the gAIRR Suite

This study significantly expands the known landscape of human TR germline diversity and provides a rigorously validated, population-diverse resource comprising novel alleles, flanking sequences, RSS profiles, and supporting analytical tools. These improved gAIRR references are essential for accurate germline genotyping and exprAIRR profiling, and will enable improved detection of immunogenetic associations. Our findings advance precision immunogenomics and support the development of ancestry-independent yet diversity-comprehensive genotyping, vaccines, and immunotherapies.