Epidemiological Transition and Spatial Expansion of Mountain-Type Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis — China, 2010–2024

What is already known about this topic? Mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) remains endemic in China and has re-emerged in recent years, with its geographic distribution demonstrating signs of progressive expansion. What is added by this report? Drawing on 15 years of national surveillance data, this study demonstrates a clear resurgence after 2015, a shift in high-risk populations from scattered children to farmers and older adults, and eastward and northward expansion of transmission risk areas. What are the implications for public health practice? These findings provide evidence that control strategies should prioritize interventions targeting farmers and elderly-focused interventions, strengthen surveillance in newly affected counties, and implement geographically targeted vector and reservoir control measures.