Modeling heart flow dynamics using numerical simulations to identify the vortex ring: a practical guide

In this study, we present a comprehensive numerical analysis of blood flow within human left ventricle models, with particular emphasis on optimizing simulation conditions to enhance the realism and computational efficiency of heart flow dynamics. The objective is to determine the most effective mesh configurations, flow conditions, and boundary settings necessary for accurately capturing the formation and behavior of the vortex ring—a pivotal element in ventricular flow dynamics. Utilizing a computational fluid mechanics approach, we review the influence of both idealized and patient-specific geometries on simulation outcomes. It is imperative to consider the necessity of dynamic wall motion and the precise calibration of inlet and outlet boundary conditions, which must be designed to mimic physiological conditions as accurately as possible. These factors are of paramount importance in achieving a balance between computational resource demands and the fidelity of the simulations, thereby providing valuable insights for future cardiovascular modeling efforts. Tutorials explaining details of the simulations and the codes used are included in ModelFLOWs-app website 14.