Nenilava (Volahavana), Germaine

In the course of the last hundred-plus years, there have been four revival movements of national significance in Madagascar, all of which have their roots in the established churches. The first revival movement sprang out of the Lutheran Protestant Church. This movement was followed by revivals in the Protestant Reformed Church, the Anglican Church and the Catholic Church. These movements have become pillars of strength in the churches of Madagascar and have been legitimized by church authorities. Germaine Volahavana, now known as Nenilava, gave birth to the fourth Revival Movement, centered in Ankaramalaza.