Autonomous diagnostic systems: design of sensors capable of recognizing and releasing biomolecules

(English) This Ph.D. thesis delves into the realm of electrochemical biosensors, pivotal devices enabling the sensitive and timely detection of diverse biomolecules. Specifically, it explores the critical role of biosensors in biomedical applications, where the swift identification of biomarkers like Glucose (G), Dopamine (DA), Serotonin (SE), and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is imperative for diagnosing conditions such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and emerging infections, among other diseases. The thesis offers an in-depth examination of various biosensors engineered to target specific biomolecules, elucidating the methodologies and recent advancements pivotal in shaping device development. Noteworthy is the investigation into the influence of different materials, including conducting polymers (CPs), ceramic materials, carbon-based materials among others, on biosensor performance. Special attention is devoted to the design of intricate nanocomposites aimed at achieving heightened selectivity and sensitivity. Incorporating conducting polymers (CPs) like PEDOT into biosensors has proven successful, especially in detecting Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) from various bacteria. This enhances sensor conductivity and sensitivity, crucial for identifying bacterial activity. Notably, this thesis implements this approach in biomedical devices such as sutures and meshes, expanding biosensor applications to infection detection. On another front, the thesis highlights the success of engineering biosensors from 3D printed insulating thermoplastics for the detection of Dopamine (DA) among other biomolecules. Leveraging innovative strategies, these biosensors demonstrate remarkable selectivity and sensitivity in detecting DA, paving the way for enhanced diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders and other related conditions. Furthermore, the thesis explores the engineering of conductive devices based on biological materials such as Alginate hydrogels and peptides. These bio-inspired materials offer unique properties conducive to biosensor development, including biocompatibility and tunable conductivity. By harnessing the inherent characteristics of biological materials, novel biosensors with enhanced performance and functionality can be realized, opening new avenues for biomedical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. Through this comprehensive exploration of diverse biosensor technologies and strategies, the thesis aims to contribute significantly to the ongoing evolution of electrochemical biosensors. By shedding light on the successful incorporation of advanced materials and innovative engineering approaches, it offers valuable insights into the potential of biosensors for transformative applications in various biomedical fields, ultimately advancing the frontiers of medical diagnosis and treatment.