An empathic pedagogical conversational agent and development of competencies

Empathetic Pedagogical Conversational Agents are unique learning tools. This research covers students' processing of empathetic feedback, considering academic performance, motivation, self-regulation, and metacognitive reasoning. The objective was to analyze the effectiveness of empathetic, cognitive, and affective feedback on these four topics in online learning. The results include, first, a framework for evaluating the processing of empathetic feedback on learning performance and perceptions. Second, evidence indicating that empathetic feedback from chatbots is as effective as that from teachers in facilitating learning, motivation, and self-regulation, and that specific types of empathetic feedback are crucial for strongly promoting components of metacognitive reasoning. Third, a review of how generative AI technologies support—and sometimes fall short of—cognitive and emotional learning needs. Fourth, an outline of emotion regulation strategies integrated into artificial pedagogical systems.